PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.
